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Maintain perspective and long-term discipline: Investing can provoke strong emotions. In the face of market turmoil, some investors may find themselves making impulsive decisions or, conversely, becoming paralyzed, unable to implement an investment strategy or rebalance a portfolio as needed. Discipline and perspective can help them remain committed to a long-term investment program through periods of market uncertainty. All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. There is no guarantee that any particular asset allocation or mix of funds will meet your investment objectives or provide you with a given level of income. © 2021 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Make sure to follow us on all our social channels: TWITTER: https://vgi.vg/32n6fEB FACEBOOK: https://vgi.vg/3sp0VLE INSTAGRAM: https://vgi.vg/3x9JP8j LINKEDIN: https://vgi.vg/3mTH71Q

Our investing principles have been intrinsic to our company since the beginning: goals, balance, cost, and discipline: https://vgi.vg/3DyJcb7 All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. We recommend that you consult a tax or financial advisor about your individual situation. © 2021 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Make sure to follow us on all our social channels: TWITTER: https://vgi.vg/32n6fEB FACEBOOK: https://vgi.vg/3sp0VLE INSTAGRAM: https://vgi.vg/3x9JP8j LINKEDIN: https://vgi.vg/3mTH71Q

Minimize cost: Markets are unpredictable. Costs are forever. The lower your costs, the greater your share of an investment's return. And research suggests that lower-cost investments have tended to outperform higher-cost alternatives. To hold onto even more of your return, manage for tax efficiency. You can't control the markets, but you can control the bite of costs and taxes. Disciplined investors are informed, but they keep what they learn in context and focus on things within their control. Find more #VanguardInsights on investing success: https://vgi.vg/3kNF1kc All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. We recommend that you consult a tax or financial advisor about your individual situation. © 2021 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Make sure to follow us on all our social channels: TWITTER: https://vgi.vg/32n6fEB FACEBOOK: https://vgi.vg/3sp0VLE INSTAGRAM: https://vgi.vg/3x9JP8j LINKEDIN: https://vgi.vg/3mTH71Q

Develop a suitable asset allocation using broadly diversified funds: A sound investment strategy starts with an asset allocation befitting the portfolio's objective. The allocation should be built upon reasonable expectations for risk and returns and use diversified investments to avoid exposure to unnecessary risks. Both asset allocation and diversification are rooted in the idea of balance. Because all investments involve risk, investors must manage the balance between risk and potential reward through the choice of portfolio holdings. Disciplined investors are informed, but they keep what they learn in context and focus on things within their control. Find more #VanguardInsights on investing success: https://vgi.vg/3HzOJjX All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. © 2021 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Make sure to follow us on all our social channels: TWITTER: https://vgi.vg/32n6fEB FACEBOOK: https://vgi.vg/3sp0VLE INSTAGRAM: https://vgi.vg/3x9JP8j LINKEDIN: https://vgi.vg/3mTH71Q

Create clear, appropriate investment goals: An appropriate investment goal should be measureable and attainable. Success should not depend on outsize investment returns or impractical saving or spending requirements. Defining goals clearly and being realistic about ways to achieve them can help protect investors from common mistakes that derail their progress. Disciplined investors are informed, but they keep what they learn in context and focus on things within their control. Find more #VanguardInsights on investing success: https://vgi.vg/3CxvKmr All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. © 2021 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Make sure to follow us on all our social channels: TWITTER: https://vgi.vg/32n6fEB FACEBOOK: https://vgi.vg/3sp0VLE INSTAGRAM: https://vgi.vg/3x9JP8j LINKEDIN: https://vgi.vg/3mTH71Q

Vanguard CEO Tim Buckley answers questions from social media fans. Hear Tim's thoughts on everything from paying off student loans while saving for retirement to whether investors should choose ETFs or individual stocks. Learn more here: https://vgi.vg/2K9nXGs Make sure to follow us on all our social channels: TWITTER: https://twitter.com/vanguard_group FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Vanguard/ INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/vanguardgroup/ LINKEDIN: https://www.linkedin.com/company/vanguard